Was ist Kryptowährung, und wie wird sie bewertet?
Fiat-Währungen wie US-Dollar und Euro sind Geldformen, die von Regierungen ausgegeben werden und als gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel dienen. Kryptowährungen wie Bitcoin hingegen sind „nicht-fiat“, nicht-staatliche Formen von „digitalem Bargeld“, das für elektronische Zahlungen verwendet wird. Die Idee des „digitalen Bargelds“ ist nicht neu – sie begann mit dem Bedarf an Kreditkarten, PayPal, Venmo und anderen Diensten für einfache, nachvollziehbare elektronische Zahlungen. Diese Zahlungen sind jedoch an Fiat-Währungen gebunden, die von Zentralbanken verwaltet werden, während Kryptowährungen durch Technologie, insbesondere Kryptologie, verwaltet werden. Befürworter glauben, dass der Wert einer Kryptowährung auf der Qualität der Kryptologie, der Anzahl der geschaffenen Kryptowährungseinheiten und der Technologie, die die Schaffung weiterer Einheiten begrenzt, beruht. Wie bei jedem gehandelten Gegenstand – denken Sie an Baseballkarten – hängt der Wert von Angebot und Nachfrage ab: Je weniger Einheiten verfügbar sind, desto höher ist der Preis, den die Käufer zu zahlen bereit sind.

Warum ist Bitcoin so beliebt geworden?

Wie viele neue Technologien oder Produkte hat auch Bitcoin Anhänger gefunden, die an Innovationen und der vermeintlichen Abwesenheit von staatlicher Kontrolle interessiert sind. Händler sahen darin eine Alternative zu traditionellen Anlagen wie Aktien, Anleihen und Bargeld, und die Handelsdynamik führte zu einem steigenden, wenn auch sehr volatilen Preis. All dies zog die Aufmerksamkeit der Medien auf sich, was das Bewusstsein des Mainstreams schärfte und schließlich zu einer zunehmenden Akzeptanz und einem Markt für den Handel führte. Das sogenannte Bitcoin Trading wird daher immer beliebter. In jüngster Zeit haben Unternehmen wie PayPal angekündigt, dass sie Bitcoin als Zahlungsmittel unterstützen oder akzeptieren werden.1

Wer beaufsichtigt Bitcoin?

Bitcoin wurde auf der Grundlage eines Papiers geschaffen, das 2008 von einem „Gründer“ mit dem Pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto verfasst wurde, aber es gibt derzeit keine Person oder Behörde, die es reguliert, um sicherzustellen, dass es seinen Wert und seine Liquidität behält und als Zahlungsmittel funktioniert. Er wird durch den Konsens einer privaten digitalen Gemeinschaft nach Richtlinien geregelt, die auf der Gemeinschaft, der Kryptologie und einem Netzwerk von Computern basieren. Einzelne Länder können zwar die Verwendung von Bitcoin als Zahlungsmittel erlauben, die Bedingungen regeln, unter denen ihre Bürger mit Bitcoin handeln oder Bitcoin schürfen können, und den Betrieb von Kryptowährungsbörsen genehmigen, aber sie regulieren/kontrollieren nicht die Existenz oder den Wert von Bitcoin selbst oder den Blockchain-Code, auf dem er funktioniert. Bitcoin wird von der Bitcoin Foundation gefördert, aber die Stiftung kontrolliert oder verwaltet auch nicht den Handel oder den Wert von Bitcoin. Die Anzahl der im Umlauf befindlichen Bitcoins wird durch einen Computercode begrenzt und verwaltet und über eine von mehreren digitalen, dezentralen Börsen gehandelt.

Wie viele Anleger besitzen Bitcoin?
Niemand weiß es genau, aber laut Bloomberg wurden im November 2020 95 % aller Bitcoin von nur 2 % aller Kontoinhaber gehalten.

Ist Bitcoin die einzige Kryptowährung?
Nein. Bitcoin war die erste Kryptowährung und ist die bekannteste, am weitesten verbreitete und – mit etwa 44 % der gesamten Marktkapitalisierung der Kryptowährungen2 – die wertvollste. Im Oktober 2021 gab es jedoch Tausende von digitalen Währungen auf dem Markt, von denen mehr als 100 eine Marktkapitalisierung von mehr als 1 Milliarde US-Dollar haben. Zu den beliebtesten Kryptowährungen gehören Bitcoin Cash, Cardano, Tether, Ethereum, Polkadot und XRP.

Im Oktober 2021 erklärten sowohl der Vorsitzende der Federal Reserve Jerome Powell als auch der Vorsitzende der SEC Gary Gensler, dass sie nicht beabsichtigen, Kryptowährungen zu verbieten, aber Gensler sagte, dass die SEC untersucht, wie sie am besten sicherstellen kann, dass die Branche Investoren und Verbraucher schützt und die Gesetze zur Bekämpfung von Geldwäsche und zur Einhaltung von Steuern befolgt.

China hat bereits einen digitalen Yuan eingeführt, und es wird geschätzt, dass mindestens 80 verschiedene Länder auf der ganzen Welt, darunter auch die Vereinigten Staaten, die Idee der Einführung einer eigenen digitalen Zentralbankwährung prüfen. Während die US-Notenbank, das US-Finanzministerium und die US-Börsenaufsichtsbehörde (SEC) sich bisher nicht zu diesem Thema geäußert haben, bemerkte Powell im Oktober 2021, dass „es wichtiger ist, es richtig zu machen, als es schnell zu machen“. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass es nicht eine Frage des „ob“, sondern eher des „wann“ die USA ihren eigenen digitalen Dollar entwickeln werden.

Fazit
Schwab wird Kryptowährungen weiterhin beobachten, da sich die Vorschriften und die Technologie weiterentwickeln. Während einige Händler mit den Preisänderungen von Bitcoin oder anderen Kryptowährungen Geld verdient haben (und andere Geld verloren haben), empfehlen wir den meisten Anlegern, sie als spekulativen Vermögenswert zu behandeln, der in erster Linie für den Handel mit Geld außerhalb eines traditionellen langfristigen Portfolios gedacht ist.

Tomada de experiência: Bitcoin tornou-se um „Manipulador de Manipulação“ monetário

O preço do bitcoin está mais uma vez em ascensão, retesando a resistência perto do ponto mais alto de todos os tempos. De acordo com um especialista na principal moeda criptográfica, a tabela de preços do Bitcoin Pro ativo tornou-se uma espécie de „medidor de manipulação“ que mede o crescimento econômico em andamento „engenharia“ por parte dos governos.

Se este for o caso, a resistência não será capaz de reter o Bitcoin por muito mais tempo, já que a Câmara dos Deputados dos EUA aprovou outro pacote histórico de ajuda de US$ 1,9 trilhão. Veja mais de perto como o „medidor de manipulação“ tem reagido até agora.

Bitcoin Torna-se Solução para a Engenharia Econômica Governamental Contínua

Durante a Grande Recessão, houve resgates bancários sem precedentes e outras medidas para evitar um colapso econômico catastrófico. A caixa de flexibilização quantitativa de Pandora, uma vez aberta, não pode ser parada.

Desde aquele dia, as brechas salariais e a desigualdade financeira só se ampliaram. A melhor tentativa de instigar mudanças, foi criada por Satoshi Nakamoto em 2008.

Hoje, Bitcoin está lutando ativamente contra essa mesma luta, e vencendo. A escassa oferta de 21 milhões de BTC da criptocurrency está provando seu valor durante um período em que a oferta de fiat money está se expandindo em seu ritmo mais rápido de sempre.

O dólar e outras moedas globais foram criados a taxas sem precedentes para combater o impacto da pandemia, e sempre será necessário mais estímulo cada vez que a economia se enfraquece.

A taxa em que isto está acontecendo está aparecendo diretamente no próprio gráfico de preços Bitcoin, de acordo com o especialista Preston Pysh, atuando efetivamente como um „medidor de manipulação“ contra a „engenharia“ que os governos estão fazendo na esperança de estimular a atividade econômica.

O que o „Manipulation Gauge“ monetário diz atualmente

Olhando a tabela de preços da Bitcoin acima, a ação do preço é relativamente estável – tão estável quanto a de uma moeda criptográfica volátil. Mas quando a quinta-feira preta acontece no ano passado, e há um enorme pico para baixo como nunca antes visto.

O movimento extremo para baixo resultou em um movimento polar tão forte para cima, mais alimentado pelo que tem sido uma tempestade perfeita para a moeda criptográfica nascente.

Além do aumento dos preços devido à hiperinflação, a adoção da tecnologia está explodindo, e as instituições estão envolvidas pela primeira vez, e isso só recentemente começou. O ouro, que normalmente atua neste tipo de ambiente, tem sofrido e visto fluxos de saída diretamente para o Bitcoin.

A atual tendência de alta do mercado de touro está apenas prestes a continuar, pois mais pacotes de estímulo estão à beira de serem passados e fundos sendo distribuídos diretamente para empresas e indivíduos. O risco de hiperinflação permanece alto, e a compra de Bitcoin continua sendo a melhor defesa.

A Cboe Global Markets – bolsa global de ações e derivativos – solicitou à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários e Câmbio a listagem e negociação de ações do ETF bitcoin da VanEck. O arquivamento da empresa reina na jornada da VanEck para lançar um ETF vinculado ao bitcoin nos EUA.

„Nosso depósito se baseia no anterior depósito S-1 da VanEck de 30 de dezembro e representa os próximos passos para trazer o que poderia ser o primeiro ETF de bitcoin dos EUA para o mercado“, disse uma porta-voz da Cboe em um e-mail para o The Block.

A finalidade da Bitcoin ETF ultrapassou rapidamente US$ 400 milhões

No norte, o Canadá aprovou duas ETFs de bitcoin que foram lançadas com muita fanfarra. A finalidade da Bitcoin Loophole ETF ultrapassou rapidamente US$ 400 milhões em ativos sob gestão desde seu lançamento no final do mês passado.

„Um começo bastante forte“, como observado pelo JPMorgan em uma nota aos clientes na segunda-feira de manhã.

Não está claro quando os reguladores americanos aprovarão um pouco de ETF. Embora, a Cboe tenha esperança, observando que „acredita que a aprovação de uma ETF de bitcoin poderia proporcionar aos investidores acesso à exposição ao bitcoin através de um veículo transparente e regulamentado“.

Aqui está a Cboe no arquivamento fazendo o caso do produto:

„A exposição ao bitcoin através de um ETP também apresenta certas vantagens para os investidores de varejo em comparação com a compra direta de bitcoin spot. A vantagem mais notável é o uso do custodiante para custódia dos ativos de bitcoin do Trust. O Patrocinador selecionou cuidadosamente o Custodiante, uma empresa fiduciária constituída e regulamentada pelo NYDFS, devido a sua forma de manter o bitcoin do Trust“.

De bitcoin através de um produto de dados

A operadora de câmbio de Chicago anunciou no final do ano passado sua intenção de mergulhar novamente no mercado de bitcoin através de um produto de dados. Na ocasião, a empresa disse ao The Block que o negócio poderia levar a novos índices vinculados ao bitcoin e produtos comercializáveis.

Em 2019, a empresa, notadamente, lançou em 2017 seu produto futuro de bitcoin.

Em um episódio recente de The Scoop, o sussurrador da Bloomberg ETF, Eric Balchunas, disse que é apenas uma questão de tempo até que a SEC aprove um fundo desse tipo. „Acho que é apenas uma questão de a SEC se aproximar, e então uma vez que eles se aproximem mentalmente, imagino que isso acontecerá muito rapidamente“, disse ele. „Mas novamente, eu não estou nessa bolha. Eu não sou um analista regulatório. Isso é apenas o que eu sinto ao falar com as pessoas“.

Secondo un rapporto di Bloomberg news questa mattina, Morgan Stanley è l’ultima grande istituzione finanziaria a considerare un investimento in Bitcoin.

Citando „persone con conoscenza della questione“, il rapporto afferma che Cointerpoint Global, una sussidiaria di Morgan Stanley Investment Management con $ 150 miliardi di asset in gestione, „sta valutando se la criptovaluta sarebbe un’opzione adatta per i suoi investitori“.

Il sito web di Morgan Stanley descrive Counterpoint Global come un fondo specializzato in investimenti „il cui valore di mercato può aumentare in modo significativo per ragioni fondamentali“

Il fondo ha guadagnato il 72,7% su base annua, sovraperformando notevolmente i rendimenti dell’indice MSCI All Country World Net del 16,25%.

Il crescente interesse per Bitcoin non dovrebbe essere necessariamente una sorpresa, dato che l’azienda ha fatto investimenti significativi in ​​Microstrategy. A gennaio, Cointelegraph ha riferito che Morgan Stanley aveva acquistato una partecipazione del 10% in Microstrategy , le cui azioni erano in crisi e il cui CEO è diventato un’icona di Bitcoin da quando ha annunciato un investimento strategico in Bitcoin l’anno scorso .

Morgan Stanley non è nemmeno l’unico grande istituto bancario che cerca di essere coinvolto con le criptovalute

Nelle loro richieste di utili per il quarto trimestre, sia JP Morgan che Visa hanno riaffermato i piani per mantenere i servizi di pagamento crittografico , ei rappresentanti di entrambe le società hanno espresso interesse per ulteriori sviluppi se i clienti e le condizioni di mercato lo richiedessero.

SushiSwap is back – It’s been a while since we last talked about a bug exploit , those exploitations of loopholes that are unfortunately too often found in decentralized finance (DeFi). The scandal of the day happened via the decentralized exchange pools of DEX SushiSwap.

How to convert 0.001 ETH to 81.68 ETH

As crypto-media Rekt explains , a hacker discovered and exploited a loophole in a low-cash pool on SushiSwap .

It is more precisely the pool concerning the DIGG token of the Badger DAO project . The hacker thus managed to appropriate all the transaction costs generated during 24 hours by these transactions. Costs that all liquidity providers in the pool would normally have had to share among themselves.

Using only 0.001 ether (or $ 1.31), the pirate managed to embezzle 81.68 ethers for his own account , a breakage of just over $ 107,000 at the current price!

As we can see in the transaction in question below, the individual transformed his small initial bet into ether into DIGG token , then into Wrapped BTC (WBTC, the tokenized version on ETH of BTC), before recovering his Theft in Wrapped ETH .

A “little” warning for SushiSwap’s billions in cash?

Rekt explains that this was an old flaw , however, and for which a fix had already been developed.

The problem is that this fix had to be „manually applied to each new pool“ , and obviously the DIGG / WBTC pool we are talking about today did not receive this fix on time.

But the situation could have been much more dramatic according to Rekt:

“Upon further research, we discovered that while there was this exploit, the damage was contained, and what had been seen as a threat to the entire SushiSwap protocol was simply there. work of a clever scavenger who collected crumbs still available. „

The conversation the Rekt team had on Discord with SushiSwap was not reassuring. They claim that they do not automate the application of the fix. Thus, the risk of forgetting is very present.

Everyone gets started! – With the new start of euphoria in its latest bull market, Bitcoin (BTC) is entitled to an even higher frequency of price predictions than usual. After the (interested) announcement of actress Lindsay Lohann a few days ago, today the most serious hedge fund Pantera Capital is ready to play.

Previous Pantera Capital Predictions Were Right

In a letter to its investors published on January 16, the hedge funds Pantera Capital recalls that Bitcoin prices for the moment respect its model presented in April-May 2020.

This model, strongly inspired by the Stock-to-Flow (or S2F) of precious metals, is centered on the phenomenon of halving in The News Spy ecosystem. This process takes place approximately every 4 years – every 210,000 blocks of transactions validated to be precise – and consists of halving the reward that is given to minors when they validate a block.

The experts of Pantera Capital thus estimated that, according to this model:

“(…) The market bottom typically occurs 1.3 years before the halving and, on average, the market peaks 1.2 years after. Or a cycle of about 2 and a half years. “

Thus, if the model were correct, we would still be a long way from the market high of the current cycle. This new price record should thus be done „in August 2021“ according to hedge fund analysts .

The latter thus estimate the price of a single bitcoin at 115,212 dollars for this summer 2021.

Will the shortage of supply lead the king of cryptos to its new high?

The driving force behind this potential dramatic rise in prices, announced by the hedge fund, would be driven by the combination of the drop in production of the number of bitcoins per block with significant pressure on its demand .

Regarding the drop in production, it is certain and has already been recorded since May 2020. Indeed, with the last halving to date , it is no longer 12.5 bitcoins but only 6.25 BTC which are produced for each new mined block (around all every 10 minutes).

As for the shortage between supply and demand , although the buying pressure on bitcoins was very strong at the end of 2020 – between funds like Grayscale or companies like MicroStrategy – the first signs of out of stock have just been made. surface and still seem far from having been “priced” (taken into account) by the market.

In the meantime, even without this, Pantera Capital’s Bitcoin Fund has performed very well in 2020. The fund has indeed registered a nice + 299% .

Bitcoin Trading, Crypto Trading, Trading

For weeks, the Bitcoin price has only known one direction. There have been no extended breathers for the bulls. And where have the bears gone? Is it still possible to invest in Bitcoin now or will the price soon slide further down again? This will be presented from a technical perspective using a weekly, daily and 4-hour view.

Opportunity to invest now?
For long-term investors, the focus is certainly on the larger time units. Higher time units always have relevance in the deeper time levels. Therefore, let’s now take a look at the weekly chart of the Bitcoin price.

The bears have done it! The current weekly candle is closed bearish. This means that the closing price is lower than the opening price. No bearish candle has been marked since the old all time high of 2017 was crossed. The bulls marched completely up and brutally trampled every bear. But will this continue? In our last report, we already pointed out the support zones for the weekly range.

The Relative Strength Index, an indicator of buying power (pictured below), has been in extremely expensive territory for weeks. Looking at the past in the Bitcoin price, this is currently the longest range in this expensive area. It is now extremely important for the bulls to take a break and recharge their batteries. This can be done either by a longer sideways phase or a downward price correction. Let’s therefore take a look at the daily chart to see if a trend can already be seen there.

Bitcoin price

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These support levels must hold for the Bitcoin price!
What strikes you immediately are the four bearish candles right after the all time high at around $42,000. Only the small support zone of $32,275 to $34,000 was able to provide support for the Bitcoin price. This week, the price did not manage to exceed the previous high. However, no further lows have been set at present.

A break of the support zone just mentioned should only find further buying power in the area of the lower two daily key levels. This zone stretches from about $22,800 to about $23,850 on Coinbase. The Moving Average 200 (black ascending line), an indicator that reflects the long-term trend, would also have reached this support zone in the event of a renewed sell-off of the Bitcoin price. This indicator is seen by many traders as a strong support.

In order to continue rising, the current high must be overcome sustainably. However, it seems that the bulls are currently taking a break. Whether this will be used and the Bitcoin price will continue to rise or whether the bears will take over remains to be seen.

Bitcoin price

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Bitcoin price in no man’s land of decisions!
Looking at the 4-hour chart, one thing stands out: Something is happening, but nothing is really happening. Bulls and bears are joining hands, but neither of the two factions really wants to start something. The current sideways movement will have to be sat out. It is still too early for good entries.

As soon as a stable trend develops again, one can look for entries. It does not matter to traders whether the Bitcoin price rises or falls. With patience and the right setup, good short- and long-term profits can be achieved.

Bitcoin is currently unstoppable. Why digital currency is well on the way to trading beyond $ 100,000 in 2021.

On Wednesday, December 16 of this year, the time had come: Bitcoin exceeded the 20,000 US dollar (USD) mark for the first time in its history. This means that everyone who has invested in BTC was in the green without exception. Accordingly, there was high spirits on the short message service Twitter. Even Edward Snowden is now on board.

The number 1 cryptocurrency has been up 186 percent since the beginning of the year. Those who follow the crypto market less closely are inclined to dismiss the latest price developments as pure bubbles similar to the 2017 crypto hype.

In contrast to 2017, the current price developments are fundamentally justified. Take a look at Google Search Trends, for example. Bitcoin-related search queries soared at the end of 2017 when BTC in similar spheres was trading in a very short space of time. All media reported that the market, as we know in retrospect, was overheated and could not bear the onslaught of crypto adventurers. Today: emptiness.

In addition, the 2017 rally was even more exorbitant than this year. In 2017, the “Orange Coin” rose from around USD 1,000 to just under USD 20,000 – a gain of 2,000 percent. It is not surprising that this was too much of a good thing even for the volatile cryptocurrency.

Where is the journey going ?

In fact, Bitcoin behaves amazingly predictably. If you use the stock-to-flow model , for example , you almost get scared. Because the precision with which PlanB predicts the rise of new money is almost unbelievable.

The current course activity is therefore most comparable to 2016. Because even then the Bitcoin inflation rate halved and the price moved slowly but surely towards the all-time high of 1,100 US dollars established in December 2013. If you continue to apply the template from previous cycles, we should see a bull market next year that dwarfs everything. Because although the crypto currency No. 1 has repeatedly corrected sharply, the long-term trend is as clear as day: it goes northwards.

Let’s assume that Bitcoin grows at the same rate as a year after the last halving, i.e. 2017, the price would be 400,000 US dollars at the end of 2021. That sounds hair-dusting. But if you consider that Bitcoin has already experienced such price jumps twice in its history, this idea seems a bit more realistic.

PlanB predicts USD 288,000 per bitcoin

PlanB itself predicts a rate of at least USD 288,000 with its S2F model. The Winklevoss brothers also see Bitcoin on a par with gold. If BTC reaches the gold market capitalization of around USD 9 trillion, the price would be beyond USD 500,000.

But it is also clear that Bitcoin always needs more fresh capital for further growth. Because with 900 BTC that are emitted every day, it only takes a purchase pressure of 18 million USD just to maintain the current price level. On the other hand, if you consider that more and more Bitcoiners are withdrawing their coins from exchanges and companies are now running into debt in order to buy new BTC, the shortage in the market could provide new price highlights.

These are all staggering numbers that have the potential to help individual actors achieve sheer incredible wealth. Nothing is guaranteed. But if you do not recognize that Bitcoin is in a historical upward trend, which can certainly lead to adventurous courses, you are not looking properly. One thing is clear, however: 2021 will be a wild ride.

W najbliższych miesiącach cyberprzestępcy mogą jednak preferować inną kryptowalutę.

Według nowego raportu firmy Kaspersky Lab, dostawcy cyberbezpieczeństwa i oprogramowania antywirusowego, w świecie po COVID-19 prawdopodobnie wzrośnie liczba oszustw i kradzieży związanych z kryptowalutami

Securelist, oddział firmy Kaspersky zajmujący się badaniami nad cyberzagrożeniami, opublikował raport na temat cyberzagrożeń dla organizacji finansowych, przewidujący określone rodzaje ataków finansowych, które prawdopodobnie wzrosną w 2021 roku.

Securelist przewidział, że fala ubóstwa wywołana pandemią COVID-19 nieuchronnie doprowadzi do „większej liczby osób uciekających się do przestępstw, w tym cyberprzestępczości”. Może to również oznaczać wzrost przestępstw związanych z Bitcoinem ( BTC ).

Według działu badawczego firmy Kaspersky Bitcoin będzie prawdopodobnie najbardziej atrakcyjnym zasobem dla cyberprzestępczości, ponieważ jest najpopularniejszym zasobem cyfrowym. W raporcie czytamy:

„Możemy zobaczyć załamanie niektórych gospodarek i gwałtowny spadek lokalnych walut, co uczyniłoby kradzież bitcoinów o wiele bardziej atrakcyjną. Powinniśmy spodziewać się większej liczby oszustw, skierowanych głównie do BTC, ponieważ ta kryptowaluta jest najpopularniejsza. ”

Naukowcy Securelist zasugerował również, że sprawcy forum mógł przełączyć się więcej zasobów cyfrowych prywatności skoncentrowany jak Monero ( XMR )

Według firmy zmiana ta nastąpiłaby ze względu na rosnące „techniczne możliwości monitorowania, deanonimizacji i zajmowania BTC”. Raport Securelist brzmi:

„Powinniśmy oczekiwać, że cyberprzestępcy przestawią się na tranzytowe kryptowaluty w celu pobierania opłat od ofiar. Istnieje powód, by sądzić, że mogą przestawić się na inne waluty zwiększające prywatność, takie jak Monero, aby najpierw użyć ich jako waluty przejściowej, a następnie przeliczyć środki na dowolną inną wybraną kryptowalutę, w tym BTC. ”

Jak wcześniej informował Cointelegraph, przestępstwa związane z kryptowalutami znacznie spowolniły w 2020 r., Chociaż niektóre sektory kryptograficzne, takie jak zdecentralizowane finanse, stały się nowymi siedliskami działalności przestępczej. Według raportu firmy Atlas VPN, firmy zajmującej się wirtualną siecią prywatną, hacki związane z kryptowalutami i łańcuchami bloków prawdopodobnie będą nadal spadać w 2021 r.